Alternative Investments

Volatility can severely inhibit investors’ ability to purchase goods and services with crypto. For any currency to be effective as a medium of exchange, it needs price stability. Using cryptocurrency to diversify how you purchase goods and services would likely mean dramatic fluctuations in your day-to-day purchasing power. Could you imagine relying solely on cryptocurrency when doing ordinary things like shopping for groceries or filling up your car with gasoline?

Another cryptocurrency investment consideration: Crypto faces global regulatory uncertainty. Governments have a long history of regulating financial markets, and several are cracking down on crypto trading. For crypto investors, government interference would likely have negative effects on widespread cryptocurrency adoption efforts, keeping new crypto investors sidelined. Since cryptocurrencies are designed to operate outside government control, it’s no surprise governments around the world have started to get tougher on crypto.

Investors who consider owning a stake in a cryptocurrency should have the right expectations and not get carried away. Putting too much into any investment, especially cryptocurrency investments, could harm your financial health.

Private Equity

Private equity is another investment alternative some consider for their portfolios. Private equity refers to investing directly in non-public companies that aren’t listed on a public stock exchange.

Given their added complexity relative to  stock and bond investments, private equity investments are usually marketed to institutions and high net worth investors. The most common way to invest in private equity is through a private equity fund, which pools investor assets and chooses companies in which to invest.

Investors sometimes seek private equity funds because fund managers or advisers often boast outsized historical returns. However, past returns do not guarantee future results, and it’s important to understand how much risk an adviser might take to achieve high returns. Did they put all their eggs in one basket? If so, it may have elevated risk potential.

A potential issue with private equity funds is they sometimes require investors to hold the investment for a minimum time period, sometimes locking up your money for years. This illiquidity means investors should be sure they have enough money to live on until the fund permits redemptions. If investors have family emergencies or medical issues requiring excess capital during that period, they could be in trouble until that holding period is up.

Fees are another consideration. Private equity funds often charge two layers of fees: a management fee—often 2% of assets under management—and a performance fee, which can be as high as 20% of investment profits. This standard private equity fee arrangement is called “2 and 20.” One can see how such fees could quickly eat into potential excess returns.

Real Estate Investment

There are two main types of real estate investments: direct and indirect.

Examples of a direct real estate investment include leasing property or reselling it for a profit. An indirect real estate investment example is buying shares in a real estate fund or other pooled investment vehicle.

Owning physical property—a direct investment—can be labor-intensive and includes expenses like regular maintenance and upkeep costs. For investors wanting real estate exposure in their portfolio yet looking to avoid the hassles of owning actual property, indirect real estate investment vehicles may be an option worth considering. One of the most common indirect real estate investment options is a real estate investment trust (REIT). REITs pool investor capital to purchase income-producing residential or commercial property.

Similar to private equity funds, REITs might include a pooled-asset structure, potential holding-period requirements and fees. Like any pooled-asset product, REITs are not personalized to investors’ individual goals and investors likely do not have much say in the underlying holdings. The illiquidity created from potential holding periods may span multiple years and may pose a problem to investors who need access to their funds in the interim.

Finally, REITs also come with their own set of fees. While they aren’t inherently higher or lower than those of other alternative investments, they may have higher upfront fees or sales commissions, which can reduce your initial investment amount. Like any investment, be sure to understand its fees before investing.

Commodities

For investors, commodities are most often raw materials like oil and gold or agricultural commodities like orange juice and pork bellies.

Supply and demand drive commodity prices, similar to most investments. But unlike equities, commodities don’t have unlimited growth potential. Stocks have unlimited growth potential because companies are continually innovating, generating earnings and increasing their future earnings potential—in other words, stocks are productive assets. Commodities, on the other hand, are static objects or materials—unproductive assets. For example, if you buy a bar of gold, at the end of 10 years you still just have a bar of gold. No cash flows. No additional fundamental value created through innovation and growth.

Consequently, commodities’ returns are based on whether the market for that commodity happens to be tighter in terms of supply and demand when you sell it than when you bought it. Less supply with static or higher demand means higher prices. And vice versa.

To successfully profit from commodity investments, you may need exceptional market-timing skills. While investors tout some commodities as safe or as a type of market hedge, commodities can be very volatile and endure long periods of expansion and contraction.

Are Alternative Investments Right for You?

Some alternative investments may serve a purpose and add value for investors in certain situations. But for most long-term investors investing for retirement, traditional asset classes like stocks, bonds, ETFs and mutual funds are frequently better tools.

Depending on the nature of the alternative asset, investors may face decreased investment flexibility, high fees, illiquidity, excessive volatility or other potential issues. People considering any of these investment alternatives for their retirement portfolio should do their due diligence and understand all the terms, fees and nuances involved before considering these investment opportunities.

Investing in securities involves a risk of loss. Past performance is never a guarantee of future returns. Investing in foreign stock markets involves additional risks, such as the risk of currency fluctuations. The foregoing constitutes the general views of Fisher Investments and should not be regarded as personalized investment advice or a reflection of the performance of Fisher Investments or its clients. Nothing herein is intended to be a recommendation or a forecast of market conditions. Rather it is intended to illustrate a point. Current and future markets may differ significantly from those illustrated here. Not all past forecasts were, nor future forecasts may be, as accurate as those predicted herein.